Jews Return To Canaan
In 539 B.C. the Chaldeans were conquered by the Persians. The Persians allowed the Israelites now known as the Jews to return to Canaan and rebuild their temple and cities.
Many Jews chose not to return, instead remaining in Babylon. By now, they had built homes, and lives among the Chaldeans. Other Jews chose to immigrate to other lands. As they did so, they retained their Jewish culture, and bloodlines.
Thus, though they were outside of their homeland, they remained connected, as a part of the Jewish People.